HANDBOOK FOR PAINTS AND PROTECTIVE COATINGS ON CD

Basic and advanced information. Illustrated

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242 pages

Table of Contents:

1 INTRODUCTION
Purpose 1 / Scope 1 / Deterioration of Facilities 1 / Corrosion of Metals 1 / Deterioration of Wood 2 / Deterioration of Concrete 2 / Design Factors Affecting Deterioration. 2 / Water Traps 2 / Crevices. 3 / Rough and Sharp Surfaces. 3 / Limited Access to Work. 3 / Incompatible Environment. 3 / Contact of Dissimilar Metals. 3 / Control of Facilities Deterioration 4 / Corrosion Control by Coatings 4 / Barrier Protection. 4 / Inhibitive Pigments 4 / Cathodic Protection 4 / Painting for Purposes Other Than Protection 5 / Cosmetic Appearance 5 / Marking Paints. 5 / Safety Colors and Designs 5 / Reflective Finishes 5 / Nonskid Surfaces. 5 / Antifouling Coatings. 6 Section

2 COATING COMPOSITIONS AND CURING MECHANISMS
Coating Composition 7 / Solvent 7 / Resin 7 / Pigment 8 / Other Components. 10 / Spreading Rate. 10 / Mechanisms of Curing of Coatings. 10 / Air Oxidation of Drying Oils. 11 / Solvent of Water Evaporation. 12 / Chemical Reaction 13 / Properties of Different Generic Types of Coatings 14 / Alkyds and Other Oil-Containing Coatings. 14 / Water Emulsion (Latex) Coatings 15 / Lacquers. 16 / Epoxy Coatings. 17 v MIL-HDBK-1110 Page / Coal-Tar Epoxy Coatings. 18 / Polyurethane Coatings. 18 / Polyester Coating. 19 / Inorganic Zinc Coatings. 19 / Zinc-Rich Organic Coatings 20 / Coating Compatibility. 20 / Bleeding 21 / Disbonding of Old Paint. 21 / Topcoat Checking 21 / Poor Adhesion of Latex Topcoats to Enamels 21 / Oil-Based Paints Applied to Alkaline Surfaces 21 Section

3 ENVIRONMENTAL, OCCUPATIONAL, AND SAFETY ISSUES
Introduction 23 / Material Composition Issues. 23 / VOC Restrictions 23 / Definition of VOC. 23 / Types of Regulations 23 / Effect on Coatings 24 / Application Issues 25 / Toxic Solvents 25 / Hazardous Air Pollutants 26 / Binders - Polyurethanes, Coal Tars, Asphalts 26 / Heavy Metal-Containing Pigments and Additives. 26 / Issues Affecting Surface Preparation 28 / Regulations. 28 / Waste. 29 / Surfaces Coated With Leaded Paint. 29 / Background 29 / Use of Lead in Paint 29 / Effects of Lead Exposure on Health 30 / Environmental Issues 30 / Occupational Safety Issues 30 / Definitions. 31 / DOD Policy/Instruction 31 / Residential Structures 31 / Non-Residential. 32 / General Description of Lead-Based Paint Procedures 33 / Inspection/Assessment. 33 / In-Place Management (IPM). 33 / Removal. 34 / Operations and Maintenance 34 / Waste Disposal 35 / Demolition of Buildings Containing Lead-Based Paint 35 / Sources of Detailed Information. 35 vi MIL-HDBK-lll0 Page Section

4 SELECTION OF COATINGS
Available Guidance. 36 / Selection Criteria. 36 / Desired Film Properties 36 / Work Requirements or Limitations. 36 / Safety and Environmental Restrictions 37 / Compatibilities 37 / Costs 37 / Specifications for Lead- and Chromate-Free Coatings With VOC Limits. 38 / Recommendations for Different Substrates. 39 / Recommendations for Wood. 40 / Oil-Based Paints. 40 / Water-Emulsion Paints 40 / Semi-Transparent Stains 41 / Clear Floor Finishes. 41 / Recommendations for Concrete and Masonry Surfaces. 41 / Waterborne Coatings 41 / Elastomeric Coatings. 42 / Textured Coatings 42 / Epoxy Coatings. 43 / Recommendations for Steel 43 / Alkyd Systems 44 / Epoxy Coating Systems 44 / Zinc-Rich Coatings. 45 / Recommendations for Galvanized Steel. 45 / Epoxy Systems 46 / Waterborne System for Galvanizing 46 / Recommendations for Aluminum. 46 Section

5 COATING SYSTEMS FOR SPECIFIC USES
General 48 / Painting New Construction 48 / Fuel Storage Tanks. 48 / Interiors of Steel Fuel Tanks 49 / Exteriors of Steel Fuel Tanks 50 / Steel Water Tanks 50 / Interiors of Steel Water Tanks. 51 / Exteriors of Steel Water Tanks. 51 / Other Steel Tanks 51 / Interiors of Other Steel Tanks. 51 / Exteriors of Other Steel Tanks. 51 / Steel Distribution Lines. 51 / Steel Fuel Lines. 51 / Buried Steel Fuel Lines 51 / Immersed Steel Fuel Lines 53 / Aboveground Fuel Lines. 53 vii MIL-HDBK-1110 Page / Steel Water Distribution Lines 53 / Communication Towers and Other Tall Structures 53 / New Towers 54 / New Galvanized Steel Towers. 54 / New Thermally Sprayed Steel Towers 55 / New Steel Towers 55 / Existing Towers. 55 / Towers With Only Cosmetic Coating Defects. 56 / Zinc-Coated Steel Tower Components With Deteriorated Organic Coatings. 57 / Steel Tower Components (With No Zinc Coating) With Damaged Organic Coating. 57 / Galvanized Steel Guy Lines for Towers. 58 / Waterfront Structures. 58 / Hydraulic Structures and Appurtenant Works 58 / Factory Finished Metal Siding. 59 / Chain Link Fences. 59 / Hot Steel Surfaces 59 / Concrete Fuel Tanks. 59 / Concrete Swimming Pools. 60 / Concrete Catchment Basins. 61 / Chemically Resistant Finishes for Concrete Floors 61 / Slip-Resistant Floors. 62 / Fouling-Resistant Coatings 62 / Mildew-Resistant Coatings. 62 / Factors Affecting Mildew Growth. 62 / Use of Mildewcides in Paints 63 / Removal of Mildew. 63 / Pavement Markings. 63 / Painted Markings 64 / Specifications for Marking Paints. 64 / Specification for Reflective Glass Beads 65 / Application of Painted Markings. 65 / Inspection of Marking Operation. 66 / Alternative Markings 71 / Wooden Floors. 71 Section

6 SURFACE PREPARATION
Introduction 72 / Selection Factors. 72 / Specification Procedure. 72 / Section Organization 72 / Repair of Surfaces 73 / Joints, Cracks, Holes, or Other Surface Defects. 73 viii MIL-HDBK-lll0 Page / Cementitious Surfaces. 74 / Recommendations By Substrate 74 / Wood 74 / Concrete/Masonry 76 / Steel. 76 / Specific Surface Preparation Requirements for Coatings for Steel 77 / Galvanized and Inorganic-Zinc Primed Steel 77 / Aluminum and Other Soft Metals 78 / Standards for Condition of Substrates. 78 / Unpainted Steel. 78 / Nonferrous Unpainted Substrates. 79 / Standards for Cleanliness of Substrates. 79 / Standards for Cleaned Steel Surfaces 79 / SSPC and NACE Definitions and Standards. 79 / Job-Prepared Standard. 79 / Pictorial Standards for Previously Painted Steel. 79 / Standards for Cleaned Nonferrous Metals. 80 / Previously Coated Surfaces 80 / Recommendations for Paint Removal. 81 / Methods of Surface Preparation 81 / Abrasive Blasting. 81 / Types of Abrasive Blasting 82 / Conventional Abrasive Blasting Equipment 84 / Abrasive Properties. 87 / Abrasive Types 88 / Selection. 91 / Inspection 91 / Procedures/General Information 92 / Acid Cleaning. 92 / Concrete 94 / Chemical Removal of Paint. 94 / Detergent Washing. 95 / Hand Tool Cleaning 95 / Heat 95 / Organic Solvent Washing. 96 / Power Tool Cleaning. 96 / Steam Cleaning 97 / Water Blast Cleaning 97 / Equipment. 98 Section

7 APPLICATION
Introduction 99 / Paint Storage Prior to Application 99 / Preparing Paint for Application. 99 / Mixing 99 / Mixing Two-Component Coatings.100 ix MIL-HDBK-lll0 Page / Thinning.103 / Tinting103 / Straining103 / Weather Conditions Affecting Application of Paints103 / Temperature104 / Humidity.104 / Wind.104 / Moisture.104 / Methods of Application.105 / Selection of Application Method105 / Brush Application105 / Procedure for Brush Application106 / Roller Application.107 / Procedures for Roller Application108 / Spray Application109 / Conventional or Air Spray Equipment109 / Airless Spray115 / Air-Assisted Airless Spray.117 / High-Volume, Low-Pressure Spray117 / Multi-Component Spray117 / Electrostatic Spray118 / Powder Spraying118 / Thermal Spraying.118 / Application Technique119 Section

8 PREPARATION OF A PAINTING CONTRACT SPECIFICATION
General128 / Background.128 / The CSI Format.129 / General Information Part.129 / Summary Section130 / Reference Section130 / Definition Section.131 / Submittals Section.131 / Quality Assurance Section133 / Delivery, Storage, Handling, and Disposal133 / Site Conditions134 / Products Part134 / Execution Part.135 / Work Conditions135 / Surface Preparation136 / Coating Application136 / Inspection.136 / Language to be Used in Specification.137 / Concise Words137 / Construction Criteria Base.138 x MIL-HDBK-lll0 Page Section

9 INSPECTION OF PAINTING OPERATIONS
Scope of Section.139 / Importance of Inspection139 / Contractor Quality Control Inspection.139 / Duties of an Inspector139 / Record Keeping140 / Inspection Equipment140 / Inspection Steps. 141 / Review Specification and Correct Deficiencies, If Any141 / Visit Job Site141 / Conduct Pre-Construction Conference.146 / Inspect Job Site After Pre-Surface Preparation.146 / Inspect Coating Materials.146 / Measure Ambient Conditions147 / Relative Humidity and Dew Point.149 / Surface Temperature.149 / Inspect Surface Preparation.149 / Abrasive-Blasting Surface Preparation Equipment and Supplies149 / Water Blasting150 / Frequency of Inspecting Cleaned Surfaces151 / Inspecting Prepared Steel Surfaces151 / Inspecting Concrete, Masonry, Wood, Plaster, Wallboard, Old Paint152 / Inspect Coating Application.152 / Application Equipment.152 / Ventilation.153 / Mixing/Thinning.153 / Film Thickness153 / Drying154 / Final Approval Procedures.154 / Year Warranty Inspection155 Section

10 FIELD INSPECTION INSTRUMENTS
Introduction156 / Illuminated Microscope156 / Instruments for Use with Abrasive Blasting156 / Gage for Determining Nozzle Pressure156 / Wedge for Determining Diameter of Nozzle Orifice.156 / Surface Contamination Detection Kit.156 / Profile of Blasted Steel157 / Comparators.157 / Surface Profile Gages.157 / Testex Press-O-Film Replicate Tape157 / Thermometers157 / Psychrometers.157 xi MIL-HDBK-lll0 Page / Wind Meter158 / Moisture Meter158 / Wet Film Gage.158 / Notched Metal Gage158 / Cylindrical Gage159 / Dry Film Thickness Gages for Coatings on Aluminum, Copper, and Stainless Steel.159 / Magnetic Dry Film Thickness Gages for Coatings on Steel.159 / Pull-Off Gages160 / Flux Gages160 / Destructive (Nonmagnetic Dry Film Thickness Gage).161 / Holiday Detector161 / Low Voltage Holiday Detectors.161 / High Voltage Holiday Detectors162 / Adhesion Tester.162 / Tape Adhesion Test162 / Pull-Off Adhesion Test162 / Portable Glossmeter.163 / Hardness Tester.163 Section

11 ANALYSIS OF PAINT FAILURES
Definition164 / Documentation of Findings.164 / Scope of Failure Analysis.164 / Review of Specification for Coating Work165 / Review of Supplier’s Data.165 / Review of Inspector’s Daily Reports.165 / On-Site Inspection165 / On-Site Inspection Techniques.166 / Laboratory Testing167 / Microscopic Examination.167 / Spot Tests167 / Infrared Spectrophotometric Analysis167 / Other Specialized Instrumentation.168 / Forming Conclusions and Preparing Reports.169 / Expert System for Failure Analysis169 / Cosmetic Defects170 / Chalking170 / Mildew170 / Dirt170 / Uneven Gloss170 / Blushing170 / Bleeding170 / Fading171 / Discoloration.171 xii MIL-HDBK-lll0 Page / Pigment Overload171 / Checking171 / Dry Spray.171 / Sagging.171 / Orange Peel.171 / Wrinkling.171 / Film Failures.172 / Crawling172 / Alligatoring172 / Intercoat Delamination172 / Intercoat Blistering172 / Pinpoint Rusting172 / Cracking172 / Blistering to Substrate.173 / Peeling.173 / Flaking (Scaling).173 / Examples of Using Decision Trees173 / Example of Surface Defect.173 / Example of a Film Defect173 Section

12 PROGRAMMING MAINTENANCE PAINTING
Definitions of Programmed Painting and Maintenance Painting176 / Components of Programmed Painting.176 / Initial Design176 / Structural Design.176 / Design of Coating System177 / Plan for Monitoring Conditions of Structures and Their Protective Coatings177 / Determining the Type of Coating Failure.177 / Determining the Extent of Coating Failure.177 / Determining the Generic Type of the Finish Coat178 / Types of Maintenance Painting.178 / Plan for Maintenance Painting.180 / Selecting Materials for Maintenance Painting180 / Surface Preparation for Maintenance Painting180 / Application for Maintenance Painting181 / Inspection of Maintenance Painting181 / Scheduling the Work.181 Section

13 GENERAL SAFETY PRACTICES DURING PAINTING OPERATIONS
Introduction182 / Standard Operation and Safety Plans.182 xiii MIL-HDBK-1110 Page / Hazard Communication182 / Labels183 / Material Safety Data Sheets.183 / Toxicity Hazards183 / Entrance of Toxic Materials Into Body.183 / Inhalation185 / Ingestion.185 / Skin Absorption.185 / Types of Toxic Materials185 / Respiratory Hazards.185 / Hazards in Different Painting Operations186 / Surface Preparation.186 / Abrasive and Water Blasting.186 / Mechanical Cleaning.186 / Chemical Cleaning.186 / High Temperature Operations.186 / Painting Operations.187 / Storage of Paints.187 / Mixing and Applying Paints188 / Work in High, Confined, and Remote Places.189 / Work in High Places.189 / Confined Areas190 / Remote Areas191 / Personal Protective Equipment.191 / Clothing191 / Gloves192 / Protective Headwear.192 / Hard Hats.192 / Bump Hats.193 / Hair Covers.193 / Eye Protection193 / Safety Glasses193 / Safety Goggles193 / Safety Shields193 / Hearing Protection193 / Ear Muffs.194 / Ear Plugs.194 / Canal Cups194 / Safety Shoes194 / Respirators/Ventilation.194 / Safety Program195

FIGURES
Figure 1 Schematic Drawing Illustrating Components of Conventional Abrasive Blasting Equipment. 83 xiv MIL-HDBK-lll0 Page Figure 2 Schematic Drawing of Cross Section of Typical Water-Injected Wet Abrasive Blasting Nozzle. 84 Figure 3 Cross-Sectional Drawing of Nozzles 86 Figure 4 Drawing Illustrating Effect of Shape of Abrasive Particle on Contour of Blast- Cleaned Metallic Substrate 88 Figure 5 Schematic Illustrating Typical Cleaning Angles for Various Surface Conditions. 93 Figure 6 Illustration of Proper Stroke Pattern for Blast Cleaning 93 Figure 7 Illustration of Mixing and “Boxing” One- Component Paint: A - Pouring Off Pigment- Poor Vehicle, B and C - Mixing Pigment to Form Smooth Paste, D - Pouring in Vehicle and Mixing, E - Boxing Paint101 Figure 8 Illustration of Parts of Paint Brush107 Figure 9 Equipment Used in Applying Paint by Roller108

Figure 10 Schematic Drawing Illustrating Basic Parts of Conventional Air Spray Application Equipment.111 Figure 11 Drawing of Air-Spray Gun113 Figure 12 Cross-Sectional Drawing of Nozzle of Air- Spray Gun.113 Figure 13 Illustration of Proper Spray Patterns.114 Figure 14 Illustration of Improper Movement of Spray Gun When Applying Paint.120 Figure 15 Illustration of Proper Procedure for Spray Painting Large Flat Surfaces. 121 Figure 16 Schematic to Illustrate Proper Painting of Large Vertical Surfaces.122 Figure 17 Illustration of Proper “Triggering” of Spray Guns123 Figure 18 Proper Spray Painting of Inside Corners.124 Figure 19 Proper Spray Painting of Outside Corners125 Figure 20 Schematic Illustrating Importance of Spraying Surfaces With Protruding Parts From All Directions to Avoid “Shadowing Effect”.126 Figure 21 Sample Inspector’s Contract Summary Form144 Figure 22 Sample Daily Project Reports for Painting Inspectors145 Figure 23 Nomograph for Estimating Quantities of Paint Required for a Job148 Figure 24 Decision Tree 1: Support for Analysis of Coating Failures That Do Not Penetrate the Finish Coat.174 xv MIL-HDBK-1110 Page Figure 25 Decision Tree 2: Support for Analysis of Coating Defects That Penetrate the Finish Coat175 Figure 26 Coating Condition and Identification Form179

TABLES
Table 1 Compatibility of Commonly Used Paints 22 Table 2 Problems Encountered With Low VOC Coatings. 25 Table 3 TLV and Other Safety Data on Paint and Cleaning Solvents 27 Table 4 DOD and Military Component’s Policy Documents on Lead-Based Paint 32 Table 5 Lead- and Chromate-Free Coating Specifications With VOC Limits. 38 Table 6 Commonly Used Methods of Surface Preparation for Coatings. 75 Table 7 SSPC and NACE Standards for Cleaned Steel Surfaces. 80 Table 8 Procedures for Coating Removal. 81 Table 9 Typical Physical Characteristics of Abrasives 89 Table 10 Approximate Rates of Paint Application.105 Table 11 Comparison of Conventional Air and Airless Spray110 Table 12 Common Conventional Air-Spray Problems and Their Causes and Remedies114 Table 13 Common Airless-Spray Problems and Their Causes and Remedies116 Table 14 Spray Painting Errors127 Table 15 Equipment for Inspecting Painting Operations.142 Table 16 Inspection Steps.143

REFERENCES .196 GLOSSARY .184

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good post-sale follow up; fast mailing. would def. do biz again with you! =-)   Buyer   geonav1( 17)    Jul-09-04 17:02   3825410421     Awlsome product and packaging....A+++++++++++ Ebayer...Thank You   Buyer   blong7( 84)    Jun-28-04 20:00   3821495505     Great Product Fast delivery A+A+A+A+A+A+A+A+A+A+A+A+A+   Buyer   bigslammy( 62)    Mar-20-04 16:49   3802763829